Women In Ancient India essays

Ladies In Ancient India articles In old India, ladies involved a significant situation with, in certainty a predominant situation to, man. Abstract proof recommends that lords and towns were wrecked in light of the fact that a solitary lady was wronged by the state. For instance, Elango Adigal's Sillapathigaram shows us Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas was scorched in light of the fact that Pandyan Nedunchezhiyan erroneously executed her better half on robbery accusations. Valmiki's Ramayana instructs us that Ravana and his whole group was cleared out in light of the fact that he snatched Sita. Veda Vyasa's Mahabharatha instructs us that all the Kauravas were murdered on the grounds that they embarrassed Draupadi out in the open. To impart such high beliefs in mankind, Indian precursors made a plenty of godesses who delighted in equivalent status with their spouses. The idea of Ardhanareeshwarar, where God is delineated as half-man and half-lady, is a solid guide to help this contention. In numerous philosophical writings God is alluded to a Tat, which means It and that God is past sexual orientation. Furthermore, one would locate a practically identical Godess for every God. Further, we know beyond a shadow of a doubt that antiquated India was tolerant; ladies could have various spouses, widows could remarry, separate was allowed for incompatability or when offended. In contemporary India, ladies involve a confusing status. From one perspective, there are godesses highlighting in the Hindu pantheon and venerated by men. On the other, a few spouses are singed in light of the fact that they didn't bring enough settlement (the appalling systematized and illicit act of anticipating that the lady's parent should give an enormous handbag to the lucky man); ladies are defrauded by incredible nearby political figures and their family; a few ladies are snatched by rich adolescents with exemption; and there are dependable accounts of female child murder in provincial India. Without a doubt, these cases are not the standard. By the by, it is sickening to witness that they. Some may contend that these frequencies no chance contrast with the aggressive behavior at home rate I ... <!

Bicycle Thieves Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bike Thieves - Movie Review Example From multiple points of view, the little youngster speaks to a virtue and good grit that older folks around him experience issues to ace. The little youngster goes with his dad through his long, burdensome and at last pointless endeavor to find his taken bike. In any case, all through these travails, he scarcely double-crosses his adolescence. The balance and downplayed development of youthful Bruno is satisfying to see. I trust it is upon De Sica’s directorial circumspection that Bruno’s character was drawn on those lines. There is one scene specifically where the youthful boy’s development becomes visible. It was the point at which his frayed and tired dad slaps him on the cheek out of his own internal disappointments. Bruno was harmed and he begins to cry. He moves from his dad and mopes. However, when his humble dad comes to him to support and coax, he doesn't reprimand him. Rather than playing truant and pitching a fit, youthful Bruno permits his father to m ake harmony with him. Inevitably, his dad takes him to an eatery to get him a rich cake. In an inconspicuous incongruity, De Sica exhibits how the youthful can at times lead the old and show greater development. Neo-pragmatist film may be antiquated for present day crowds, yet when De Sica gave it full articulation in Bicycle Thieves it was new and imaginative. Truth be told, destitution as a subject for business film was thought unviable by numerous makers. Thusly, De Sica experienced issues accumulating financing for his venture. The reality of the accessibility of just a restricted financing really emphasizd the neo-pragmatist feel in the film. For instance, the lead on-screen characters are on the whole novices who scarcely had any acting experience before the film. The scenes were completely shot on the spot without utilizing any studio settings. The material truth of destitution was very much caught as well. All things considered, it doesn’t require costly props to exec ute a film dependent on the trials of destitution. Reliable with the neo-pragmatist style the ambient melodies for the film is negligible. The thought is to let the story make its own feeling of dramatization and power without the guide of music. In addition, a stark creation theory resounds with the neediness and thriftiness at show onscreen. (Wakeman, 1988) The film is acceptable material for philosophical request. In my view, the quintessence of the film is the last scene where the casualty chooses to turn into the scammer. When Antonio Ricci (the hero) chooses out of distress that he would take a bike to reward what had been taken from him, the title Bicycle Thieves takes on an additional measurement. What was till that point in film a reference to the pack of thieves who take bikes and exchange them in the market, presently incorporates the abused failure himself. This is an amazing political articulation on part of De Sica about the idea of destitution and the assessment of et hical quality in this financial domain. At the end of the day, the film can be viewed as an early investigation on the endless loop of neediness and wrongdoing. There is little uncertainty that the director’s take on these twin curses of society are fairly thoughtful. This much is obvious from the general tone and impact of the film. In this sense, the film is an incredible social and political remark †something that is adept for additional examination from sociological points of view. (Ratner, 2005) In total, Bicycle Thieves is a significant work throughout the entire existence of world film. Its intrigue is general since its topic is all inclusive and dependent on humanism. Bike Thieves is an extraordinary film that has a fundamental commitment with humanist

Building Great Strategic Partnerships with Bigger Companies

Building Great Strategic Partnerships with Bigger Companies Flying solo has its advantages such as sole authority, more freedom and space, a greater room to exercise creativity and innovation, accountability only to oneself. However, startups cannot go on in a vacuum, they need to evolve into newer entities eventually through searching for and forging newer partnerships. Otherwise, they would lag behind in the competition with other startups and eventually fail.However, startups are ruled by two distinct vibes. The startups either jump on each and every opportunity to partner with just about any bigger venture, or they shy away from partnerships and do not respond when approached for partnerships. The reason startups and entrepreneurs shy away from partnerships with bigger ventures is that they have distinct strengths, vibes and cultures. They view partnerships as a sellout or buy in attempt by their mammoth counterparts. However, Michael Goldstein (Wire.com) considers these fears of startups as being irrational and calls strategic partnershi p as a junction leading to a wider road of possibilities. Likewise, according to Reid Hoffman, LinkedIn’s co-founder, “No matter how brilliant your mind or strategy, if you’re playing a solo game, you’ll always lose out to a team.”One popular analogy that is used to describe strategic partnership is that of it being like a marriage, which thrives on the power of two instead of one. Just like any other meaningful relationship of life, the success of a strategic partnership depends on how well they complement each other i.e. cherishing the similarities and respecting the differences. “Working with someone who complements your working style, strengths as well as weaknesses is an extremely rewarding experience in terms of learning and support”, Michael D. Eisner, the CEO of Disneyworld opines. © Shutterstock.com | Studio_GIn this article, you will discover 1) what the benefits of strategic partnerships are, 2) steps to create meaningful and long-lasting strategic partnerships between your startup and big companies, and 3) a few examples of great strategic partnerships.WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP?The tangible and intangible benefits of strategic partnership are immense, provided you are able to find the right partner.Tangible BenefitsGreater Cash flow: Startups often find themselves living hand to mouth or cash strapped; hence, they need to manage their cash flow and find new funding sources. On the other hand, big ventures have deeper pockets. Hence, developing a strategic partnership with one’s richer counterparts makes sense and is one way for a startup to get its hands on lots of capital. This kind of financial boost can help them materialize their ideas and extend their frontier. When bigger companies invest in a startup’s product or idea throug h pre payments, then they are much more enthusiastic, supportive, and eager to help make it see the light of the day.Increased Revenue: Bigger companies and startups team up with a common goal to increase their revenue and have a greater return on investment. Michael Skok (Forbes) opines that integration of the startup’s particular product or solution into the wider range of products or solutions of the larger company, creates value and a win-win situation for both.Access to More Clients: Having a small but satisfied clientele is the first step towards attracting the bigger venture and gaining access to their huge number of clients. The startups can help their stronger business partners create powerful products. Startups can in turn gain leads and referrals from bigger ventures and grow quickly.Access to Greater Resources: Strategic partnership is a great way for a startup to get hold of bigger resources, namely, branding, marketing, advertising, PR, sales, legal, tech and HR. Big ger ventures are more generous with their resources when they want to see quick and long lasting results from their startup partners.Access to Greater Distribution Channels: Strategic partnerships help the startups boldly go where they have not gone before, and access and capture markets they could not have been able to access on their own. Startups usually have smaller, specific, and limited channels; hence, they can access the wider distribution channels of larger companies through partnerships.Intangible BenefitsSurvival: According to the Neil Patel: “Startups fail 90% of the time” (Forbes). The challenge lies not in initiating a startup but helping it survive. Partnering with a bigger venture is one way for a startup to not only survive but also to thrive.Visibility: Partnering with a bigger business creates brand recognition for the startups and puts it into the spotlight. Joint marketing and PR campaigns allows it to attain the visibility which it could not have been able to achieve on its own. However, greater visibility comes with an even greater onus and accountability.Growth: A startup can accelerate its growth by partnering with a bigger company and putting itself on the fast track. This way it can experience wholesome, across-the-board growth. The startups are able to attain maturity yet at the same time help their bigger partners experience inorganic growth.Validity Creditability: It takes years of effort and patience to build the credibility of one’s business. However, one fast track way to gain instant credibility and validity for your business is to partner with a bigger and already established company.Strengthening of Brand: Building a brand takes lots of time and effort but partnering with an established brand or getting placed under its umbrella can help a startup build brands almost overnight. Startups that want to strengthen their existing brand in a shorter time should partner with an established brand. Successful strategic partner ships create a “brand imagery halo,” according to Michelle Greenwald, a Forbes contributor.STEPS TO CREATE MEANINGFUL AND LONG-LASTING STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN YOUR STARTUP AND BIG COMPANIESEnduring relationships between startups and bigger ventures requires careful planning, execution and consistent efforts.Here is a 10-step guide towards finding the perfect larger partner and consistently working towards the partnership goal:Step 1. Get NoticedCatching the eye of bigger and established firms is not a child’s play. Startups might not be exactly swimming in offers and have to do a lot of hard work to get noticed in the competition. Instead of waiting for bigger ventures to come knocking at your door, you have to improve your own visibility by moving in circles where the bigger ventures or their representatives move. Attend industry events, trade fairs, and conferences and get noticed. Be willing to do some free work and give demonstrations.Step 2. Seek Synergy and Harmon yEveryone wants to partner with a big name. However, a partnership between a startup and a larger venture is not a symbiotic relationship where one host is leeching off the other; it is more of a synergy. Great partnerships cannot be forged or forced. Partnerships do not happen just for the sake of it; there has to be common ground. As an entrepreneur, you should partner with a bigger venture having common values and goals. Likewise, seek alignment between products and services that at least complement each other. A forged or artificial alliance does not offer any value to the customers and tends to fizzle out soon.Step 3. Define Your LeverageStrategic alliances come about based on two things: core competencies and common needs. Make sure that you are able to understand and articulate what your core strengths are and how the larger company needs them. Michel Koopman (Enterpreneur.com) cites three things to be essential for bringing about partnership between startups and bigger ventu res that are, leverage, scalability and incremental revenue.Step 4. Create ValueGreat partnerships are forged on the basis of mutual value. A startup needs to offer worth to the bigger venture, which makes it attractive for the larger company. The startups must be able to know this value and should have the ability to define it for their bigger partners. Nevertheless, both the partners need to see and realize this worth. Together, the startup and the bigger venture are able to generate a better, unique, and powerful product or service with greater value for their customers.Step 5. Find Powerful AdvocatesAnother way to break ice with the bigger venture you are trying to persuade is to reach out to and connect with an insider and negotiator, instead of trying to approach the top tier directly. Search the social media and news extensively to find out people who work for or work with the company you are interested in.Make connections, reach out to them, and seek introductions. Since the se intermediaries in the bigger ventures are also working equally hard to reach the top, they share a common goal with you. Hence, they will be more receptive to your ideas and products, willing to put in a good word for you, and be your advocates eventually. These individuals will only recommend you if they are able to trust you. Hence, focus on building a relationship and the rest would follow.Step 6. Cultivate TrustA huge risk is involved for both partners in a collaboration due to the differences in their respective working style and culture. But a startup typically has more at stake in terms of survival and credibility. However, trust is what makes the partnership outgrow the initial phase and continue in the right direction. Trust is cultivated and developed gradually. Joint marketing and PR events are trust-building exercises and generate faith in the employees as well as the customers about the collaboration and its future.Step 7. Sign the Dotted LineThe success of everythin g lies in its details. The bold print is the partnership; plans, necessary contracts and paper work create the fine print of the partnership. Startups that ink out details such as: marketing plan, type of partnership, feasibility, goals, responsibilities, profits, and expectations, have a clear roadmap of what lies ahead. Startups that overlook the fine print in desperation for partnership with a big brand often end up with rude shocks and disappointment in the long run. Communication is the key to understanding what is expected out of the partnership at each step and steadily working towards it.Step 8. Flaunt PartnershipThe purpose of announcing new alliances and partnership is not just to share new information with the world but also to reach out to your new and existing client. Use the big venture’s PR and media channels to your advantage and market your collaboration. Meanwhile, employ the companies’ internal communication systems to reach out to employees and take them on b oard, so everyone is equipped with necessary information. Also, know when to step into the limelight and take credit for your ideas and when to step back and take a backseat.Step 9. Do not overcommitThe big clients come with bigger expectations and quicker results. When you join hands with larger and mature businesses, your customer base becomes double and quadruple overnight. Make sure you are able to handle this kind of demand, growth and change. Remember! It is far better to undercommit and overdeliver than to overcommit and underdeliver.Step 10. Keep the Spark AliveInnovation is what attracts the bigger companies to the startups and this is what makes them successful in the long run. Hence, startups should not become complacent even when they start achieving success and should keep the creativity and innovation alive. Competition is tough and the needs are ever changing and ever evolving. Startups that let their creativity nosedive or lose their innovative edge end up losing the ir bigger partners to another startup eventually. They should be able to adapt, improve, adjust, and upgrade.What makes startups attractive for bigger businesses is their creativity, potential for innovation, and unique technology and dexterity. They exactly are what the bigger companies are not. However, startups can certainly be used by the bigger businesses. Through partnering with a startup, bigger businesses can inject their own brand, product, and service with innovation, thus creating a better offer or experience for their customers.A FEW EXAMPLES OF GREAT STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIPSFollowing are the examples of successful partnerships between startups and bigger ventures that created mutual gains, improved brand value, wider distribution, and competitive edge in their own respective markets.BuzzFeed GroupMBuzzFeed gained partnership with GroupM, the leading buyer and distributor of online advertising. Through this partnership, BuzzFeed has gained access to a wider distribution c hannel and wider clientele, meanwhile, GroupM will have access to the creative data of  BuzzFeed to produce branded social content for its clients and the media.Uber and Google MapsGoogle has integrated Uber into its mobile app service to allow subscribers the ability to choose among the following options: order cab service, avail the public transport facility, or walk on foot by getting directions. Through this partnership, Uber was able to secure investment from Google, whereas Uber has allowed Google Map to enhance the utility of its features for the users.Twitter and MuseumsTwitter paired up with numerous European museums to celebrate the ‘museum week’. Through this partnership, Twitter was able to increase its active users’ database; meanwhile, Museums experienced a revival in terms of increased visits from history enthusiasts.Hipstamatic and InstagramHipstamatic and Instagram collaborated on pictorial data uploading and sharing. Through this partnership, Hipstamatic has been able to increase subscription to its service, meanwhile, Instagram has been able to let its users access Hipstamatic’s picture tweaking software and thus retain its hold in mobile photo sharing.Spotify and AdidasSpotify and Adidas created a mobile app and a website that permits joggers and athletes to enter details about events and routes of runs as well as create playlists. Through this partnership, Spotify has been able to reach a wider clientele; meanwhile, Adidas has been able to enrich its consumers’ experience in terms of personalization and has also been able to compete with its contender, Nike.Alibaba and Unilever ChinaAlibaba and Unilever China entered into a partnership, which would allow the latter to distribute its products to clients across China through Alibaba’s e-commerce solutions. Through this partnership, Alibaba has been able to expand its store and offerings, meanwhile, Unilever is able to use Alibaba’s ecommerce solutions to penetrate into Chinese market and reach an even greater number of consumers.Unidesk and DellUnidesk and Dell entered into a partnership that allows easier desktop management to consumers. Through this partnership, Unidesk has been able to receive solid referrals from Dell, thus widening its client database and experience growth, meanwhile, Dell has been able to provide its customers unified virtual desktop solution and maximize its revenue multifold.Partnerships help one to improve oneself continually, allow room for improvement, and eventually lay down the groundwork for success. Sole heroes and entrepreneurs are part of economic myths. This is the age for survival and strategic partnership and alliances are the new face of the new economic frontier. From entrepreneurship to partnership, it is a brave new world out there. So what are you waiting for?

Finding A Middle Way Between Zen And Pure Land Buddhism

Finding a Middle Way between Zen and Pure Land Buddhism Introduction After the death of the historical Buddha occurred and his lineage had ended with Buddha Sakyamuni, his teachings spread in two main directions, southward (Theravada tradition) and eastward into China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan (Mahayana tradition)(Blake 16 March 2016). In East Asia, these teachings developed into ten different schools, several of which remain important to this day: Zen, Tantric and Pure Land (Li 4 April 2016). These schools of thought differ in many ways but also have overlapping similarities. The two schools can be seen as extremities and finding a najarjuna (middle way) is key to incorporate both schools in one’s practice. In my essay, I will explain†¦show more content†¦The goal of Zen Buddhism is to look towards the future, searching to attain satori (awakening). Through jiriki nembutsu (self-power chanting) the person is hakarai (calculating) their spiritual and material profit. Thus, Zen is an individual practice. Ultimately, Zen places a strong importance on embodying emptiness and not becoming attached to words said by the masters. For instance, in the koan, master Yanmen’s story shows that Zen is both verbal and actional, teaching his students that instead of getting attached to words, one must embody them. This was seen when one of his disciples asked if the dog has a Buddha nature, and the master replied: â€Å"no because he has the nature of karmic delusions† (Li 18 March 2016). In this example, the master was mocking the disciple’s lack of discipline because he got attached to the words. The master’s iconoclastic approach teaches its practitioners that one must embody the koan and zazen meditation. As in Zen, it is through embodiment that one reaches the Mahayana level of emptiness in order to reach their final goal- satori. In contrast to Zen, Pure Land views its practice through tariki (other-power). This reliance is referring to Amida Buddha’s compassion. The Pure Land practice is where one embodies the nembutsu (chanting) by repeating the words â€Å"Amida Buddha† several times until the tariki nembutsu (other-power chanting) becomes jinen honi (naturalness)(Shinran 142). Shinjing tells us to have true

Managing Classroom Behavior and Learning in the Primary...

‘The poor behaviour of some children affects not only their learning but also the learning of others.’ (Adams 2009, page 4) This suggests that poorly managed behaviour in the classroom can have a detrimental effect on learning overall, as well as individually. This assignment will analyse how behaviour and learning are inextricably linked. This assignment will also emphasise how primary classroom teachers develop behaviour management strategies in order to promote an effective and positive learning environment. Ofsted (2005, page 15) discusses how if children can enjoy learning it is more likely that their behaviour will be positive; likewise if their behaviour is good then the children are most likely to learn. The Every Child Matters:†¦show more content†¦Hayes (2012) reiterates that if the children are challenged through high expectations they will enjoy learning more and behaviour would improve. Chaplain (2010) discusses how a multilevel nature of behaviour management, which extends from each child as a unique individual to the whole school ethos, can create effective learning. This coincides with clear expectations for behaviour in order to allow learning to happen. ‘A good school behaviour policy, agreed and communicated to all staff, governors, pupils, parents and carers, consistently applied, is the basis of an effective approach to managing behaviour.’ (HCEC, 2011, page 24) Schools are required to produce behaviour management policies, (DfES, 2007) to promote positive behaviour that extends from the individual to the whole school community. This not only reflects the rules within the classroom, but also creates an ethos within the wider school, thus setting high standards for behaviour. If the core rules are explicit and the children are encouraged to make a ‘positive contribution,’ (DfES, 2003) such as develop their own classroom charter, and then learning can be effectively facilitated with a consistent framework for behaviour. (Ellis and Tod 2009) Furthermore, Chaplain (2010) emphasises that if the teacher refers to the classroom rules frequently, and the procedures for behaviour are applied consistently then it can significantly reduce or even eliminate minorShow MoreRelatedThe Article Misconceptions And Goals Of Classroom Management 942 Words   |  4 Pagesand Goals of Classroom Management† by Tracey Farrell Garrett begins by addressing three common misconceptions regarding classroom management. The first misconception of classroom management is that it is â€Å"synonymous with discipline† (Garrett 45). Garrett dispels the belief of discipline being the primary focus of classroom management. 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Conte (1994, p.308) mentioned, If teachers, administrators, parents, and students acknowledge that the lack of discipline is a serious concern and interferes with the teaching-learning process, one would think that steps would be taken to remedy the problem.† Today s classrooms are more complicated than in the past. Discipline is now known as classroom behaviour managementRead MoreMy Mission As A Teacher995 Words   |  4 PagesMy mission as a teacher is to foster intellectual growth in my students by instilling in them a passion for learning as they pursue truth, goodness, and beauty in my classroom. Achievement of my mission will lead to my students becoming independent and critical think ers. Following after the teachers who have made a positive impact on my life, I will be a catalyst for academic and character development in my students. As a direct result of my passionate teaching of history, students will develop aRead MoreLeading For Literacy : Promoting Quality Education1050 Words   |  5 Pageshow to evaluate literacy, how to teach literacy and the importance of having strong literacy teachers in the primary grades. (Murphy, 2004) Mr. Murphy it seems believes that the effectiveness of the teacher is of the most significance to student progress. Therefore, in order to raise the quality of reading skill and literacy we must develop high quality learning environments in the classroom in Pre K – 3 grades, by using both better programs and raising the requirement for reading teachers. Mr.Read MoreRole Playing and Child Classroom Management1675 Words   |  7 PagesOverview- The most effective classroom environment is one in which there is a sense of trust, advocacy for the student, engaging learning activities, and a sense of regular adventure. 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Critical reflection on waste management class project Free Essays

string(320) " to collecting food waste separately from the refuse stream \(WRAP, 2009b\): Improving recycling efficiency Reducing waste disposal costs Reducing the environmental harm linked with landfill Reducing CHGs However, despite each of these advantages implementing a food waste system within a university is a complex task\." Executive summary In recent years, there has been a growing amount of pressure placed on universities with the United Kingdom to reduce the waste that they produce. This has been derived from two main sources one is the reduction, which is required by the new government waste reduction targets (DEFRA, 2012), and the other is from the Higher Education Funding Council for England’s (HEFCE) requirements to reduce carbon emissions, which are derived from waste (HEFCE, 2010). These two factors have meant that universities across the United Kingdom have had to seek to reduce the amount of waste that they dispose of to landfill sites. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical reflection on waste management class project or any similar topic only for you Order Now This project has been undertaken to seek to investigate the ways through which bio-waste, which is derived from food sources may be reduced. To this end, my mission is to introduce a waste management system for food disposal, with the aim of lowering the University’s carbon emissions. This essay focuses on the cost of composting in relation to landfill sites. These shall be examined from three different perspectives, which are derived from environmental, social and economic considerations. Each of these shall be discussed and examined to seek to critically evaluate the options, which may be available to seek to redress the aforementioned issues. 1.Introduction This project seeks to ascertain which options are most suitable to seek to reduce food waste, which is produced from a university site being sent to landfill. There are three main factors, which need to be considered in order to ensure that, this viable. The first of these are the economic considerations, the second are the environmental benefits, which may be derived from this, and the third are the social advantages to disposing of food waste. Each of these options shall be discussed and critically evaluated in turn. However, before this analysis is undertaken, a brief background to the reasons why this is so important shall be presented. Food waste is an intrinsic part of the economy. It is, in effect, a result of economic activity produced by businesses, government and homes. The management of food waste has economic implications (DEFRA, 2012). A green economy is underpinned by maximal economic value and growth coupled with sustainable management of all natural assets (DEFRA, 2011). The Government’s ‘Review of Waste Policy 2011’ aimed to deliver a ‘zero waste economy’. Over the last decade, significant advances were made to reduce the quantity of food-waste transport to landfill sites and increase the rate of more environmentally friendly methods (DEFRA, 2012). Reducing bio-waste is an important target of the UK government. The ‘Waste Strategy 2007’ for England identifies food waste as a key aim, thereby reducing landfills for local authorities. The ‘Waste Emissions Trading Act’, ‘Landfill Allowance Schemes’ and the ‘EC Landfill Directive’ include key objectives that encourage local authorities to utilise environmentally friendly means of processing food waste or face financial penalties (WRAP, 2009). In line with each of these targets in April 2010, HEFCE announced that it expected all universities to have a carbon management plan in place by December 2010. This was to include how universities would seek to reduce their carbon emissions from all sources (including Scope 3 emissions included all sources of waste, which may arise from universities). Therefore, since this time many UK universities have sought to find ways through which they may reduce the waste, which they send to landfill sites (HEFCE, 2010). In line with each of the requirements which have been highlighted above, my mission is to introduce a waste management system for food disposal. Therefore, the aim of this project is to seek to lower the University’s carbon emissions, which may arse through the disposal of food waste to landfill sites (see the poster and learning log). The objectives of my project are to: Create an operation that allows us to process food waste into compost whilst maintaining green principles Increase the involvement of staff and students, creating an awareness of the importance of implementing a food waste system Implement a well maintained operation that manages food waste sustainably This essay will focus on the cost of composting in relation to landfill sites, which can be placed into three categories: environmental, social and economic. 2. Environmental costs Food waste provides a feeding ground for rodents and insects, harbouring diseases and parasites that are harmful to humans (Sharp, 2007). Food waste may contaminate surface water, soil, air and ecosystems (Rushton, 2003). Most notably, landfill, the most frequent method of disposal, produces significant GHGs (Bogner et al. 2008). The food degrades over a period of years, emitting methane, a CHG that is 21 times more powerful than carbon dioxide (Shin et al. 2005). Therefore, from this we can start to ascertain that it is possible to reduce the amount of food waste that is sent to landfill sites as this waste is biodegradable. Twenty million tonnes of CO2e emissions are generated from food waste every year. This equates to around 3% of the UK’s CHG emissions and 6% of its global water footprint (DEFRA, 2011b). Some food waste is not biodegradable such as teabags, bones and banana skins. However, it remains an essential principle to prevent this waste from being sent to landfill sites unnecessarily. Food waste should be treated in the most sustainable way, minimising GHG emissions and other environmental harm (DEFRA, 2011b). Article 4 of ‘EU Waste Framework Directive’ outlines the five steps for dealing with waste, referred to as the ‘waste hierarchy’. Prevention, the best impact on the environment, is at the top of the hierarchy, then, in descending order, preparing for re-use, recycling, recovery and landfill (Directive 2008/98/EC) (see Figure 2.1). Figure 2.1: Waste hierarchy (based on the EU Directive 2008/98/EC) Segregated waste is the waste that has been removed from the normal waste stream for recycling, composting, anaerobic digestion or landfill. This waste includes both biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste (DEFRA, 2011b). Residual waste refers to the waste left following sorting or waste emanating from purely unsorted waste (such as black bag waste) (DEFRA, 2011b). There are a number of advantages to collecting food waste separately from the refuse stream (WRAP, 2009b): Improving recycling efficiency Reducing waste disposal costs Reducing the environmental harm linked with landfill Reducing CHGs However, despite each of these advantages implementing a food waste system within a university is a complex task. One must consider a number of drivers for example, how will students and staff react to the introduction of a new waste management system under the guise that it is environmentally beneficial, how often are waste collections required from different areas and how will this be managed to ensure that odours or other factors which may cause different forms of environmental harm do not arise from these operations. Of course, this does not mean that this is impossible, but a number of issues need to be considered, for example, does the cost of recycling this food waste out weigh the environmental benefits, which may be gained from diverting this from landfill. One must consider that there are a number of options, which could cause more harm to the environment and be less cost efficient. For example, if on site composting is to be used, how will this be managed, who will pay for the facilities required, where will the residual waste from the food disposed of be managed. Or if one was to pay refuse collector to dispose of this waste, would the number of the collections by vehicles increase the overall environmental effects of composting this food waste or not? Therefore, implementing a food waste system, which is environmentally beneficial, is complex. However, if this is undertaken properly a number of environmental advantages may be realised. Each of the aforementioned factors need to be carefully considered and a number of calculations need to be performed to seek to ensure that emissions to air and water or land contamination do not arise through the implementation of a composting system. Therefore, the university needs to consider each of these factors before they decide whether this is an environmentally friendly way, through which waste, which arises from food, may be managed rather than sending it to landfill sites. In conjunction, with each of these considerations there are also a number of economic factors which need to be consider, these shall now be discussed and critically evaluated in more detail. 3. Economic costs Food waste is excessively high in the UK; each year households in the UK waste over 8 million tonnes of food, which equates to a cost of ?12 billion (costing the average household ?480/year). A further 5 million tonnes are lost in the supply chain, costing ?5 billion annually (Chapagain James, 2011). The National Health Service wasted ?26 million on food wastage alone (Ssentif, 2011). In a rare example, Cornwall primary care trust has implemented a sustainable food waste management program coupled with locally sourced food (Tudor et al. 2008). By adopting prevention, the UK would save combined manufacturing and distribution costs of ?1588/tonne of waste (Lee Willis, 2010) to its food supply chain. Based on that figure alone, it makes economic sense to avoid food wastage both for the private and public sectors. However, there are a number of factors, which need to be considered before the university decides whether they will be changing the ways in which they dispose of their food waste.The first of these is related to the potential means through which this new system will be implemented. Here there are two options to be considered, the first is siting a composting facility on site. The second of these is to pay a waste disposal contractor to dispose of the waste at their composting plant. The economic considerations, which need to be considered in regards to both of these options, are how much do they cost For example, does the university dispose of enough food waste to justify the initial costs of setting up a compos ting plant on their site Alternatively, is the amount of food waste that they generate a smaller amount, which could be cost effectively, collected by a waste contractor Once these questions have been answered, the considerations for each of these two options start to differ considerably. In regards to the first of these options, one must consider whether it is economically viable to set up a composting facility on site, for example what are the potential savings that could be generated from not paying landfill tax and how soon will these be realised How much would it cost to set up a new waste management system in the universities halls and food outlets and around the campus How much will the plant cost to set up, manage and operate Do the costs of these enable a quick pay back, if for example this was done in conjunction with a biomass plant where waste could be used to generate electricity What would be the costs of siting this on the campus and how efficient would the plant need to be to achieve optimal savings. Would the advantages of the cost savings outweigh the disadvantages Could this be achieved in other ways, such as working with suppliers to seek to reduce the amount of waste, which is generatedEach of these needs to be carefully analysed before this opti on is chosen by the university. Further to this, if a waste contractor were going to be employed by the university to take the waste away, a number of other factors would need to be considered. These are would the costs of sending this waste to a composting facility be cheaper than sending it to a landfill site. Most waste contractors work on a pay per weight basis and if most of the food waste is wet, this is heavy. Therefore, it may cost more per tonne of waste to send this to landfill than it would to a composting facility. Furthermore, other saving also need to be considered, for example would the university save more money if these were sent to any energy from waste plant How many collections would be required per week to seek to ensure that the waste was appropriately managed What would the costs of extra collections be when the university hosts functions such as, conferences or graduation week Each of these factors needs to be carefully considered. However, some have said that the costs linked with the implementation of food waste collection are negated by savings generated in the reduction of waste collection (ACR, 2009). This may not be true of all university sites as the cost efficiencies also depend on the size, location or layout of a campus, the number of food outlets or student halls on the campus and the number of students and anticipated volumes of waste that may be derived from foodstuffs. Therefore, one must carefully not only consider the environmental benefits, which are complex, but they must also seek to ensure that any new waste management system is economically sustainable in the longer term. The final factor, which needs to be considered by the university in regards to implementing a new waste management system to dispose of food waste, is the socially based. 4. Social costs Food waste prevention is an area of waste prevention where there is little public resistance, with 90% of people being unopposed to the idea of reducing their food waste (WRAP, 2008). However, this does not mean that they are happy or willing to segregate their waste in practice. Encouraging both staff and students to properly segregate their food waste from other streams is a complex task. This is because each individual has their own values and beliefs and often though they say they believe in something, it does not mean that they will act in accordance with these. Therefore, one of the most important considerations that needs to be taken into account before changing over to a composting system is how are we going to get staff and students to segregate their waste How will we sell this idea to them Will we use economic, environmental or ethical arguments to seek to change their behaviours Each of these groups behaviours, values and attitudes need to be aligned to seek to succes sfully implement a new waste management system with a university. Therefore, this is one crucial factor, which needs to be carefully considered before any changes are implemented in practice and this costs money. Further to this, other considerations arise from the publics feelings of the health risks associated with waste management highlight differences in understanding, education and underlying social values (Vrijheid et al. 2002). This is another challenge, which needs to be carefully considered before the new waste management system is implemented. Factors such as, the siting of waste receptacles or plant, how the waste is stored ore how often it is collected also need to be considered. This is because if they are not issues such as, complaints about odours, increased visits from pest e.g. foxes or rats, noise from the collection vehicles or the composting plant, the appearance of waste that has been insufficiently stored or left for too long could all cause serious social problems for the university or result in legal action being taken by the local authorities. Therefore, each of these factors needs to be carefully considered to seek to ensure that the risks of each of these proble ms arising are mitigated as much as possible. Conclusion Food waste is an intrinsic part of the economy. It is, in effect, a result of economic activity produced by businesses, government and homes. The management of this waste has economic implication. Reducing bio-waste is an important target of the UK government. The ‘Waste Strategy 2007’ for England identifies food waste as a key aim, thereby reducing landfills for local authorities. The ‘Waste Emissions Trading Act’, ‘Landfill Allowance Schemes’ and the ‘EC Landfill Directive’ include key objectives that encourage local authorities to utilise environmentally friendly means of processing food waste or face financial penalties. Our strategy uses ‘price penetration’ strategy. Our service will be of good quality, but initially would not stand out as superior against competing compost services. However, our initial service charges will be low to undercut any rival competitors, thereby penetrating the marketplace. The evidence highlights the fact that a large percentage of local authorities in the UK are implementing food waste collections. Additionally, educating householders on their responsibility to the environment is critical in changing public attitudes to food waste. Half of all landfill site complaints relate to their odours. There is, additionally, conflicting evidence on the health effects of living within proximity to a landfill site. Evidence suggests that living within proximity it may also negatively impact on house prices. However, the public’s normally positive behaviour, even in those aware of the positive impact, may change should a compost plant be constructed in their neighbourhood. References ACR+ Municipal Waste in Europe – Towards a European Recycling Society’. Victoires Editions. 2009. ISBN: 978-2-35113-049-0. Print Bogner J, Pipatti R Hashimoto S (2008). Mitigation of global greenhouse gas emissions from waste: conclusions and strategies from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report. Working Group III (Mitigation) Waste Manag Res; 26: 11–32 Chapagain A James K (2011). The Water and Carbon Footprint of Household Food and Drink Waste in the UK. Banbury, Oxon: Waste Resources Action Programme. Available at: http://www.wrap.org.uk/retail_supply_chain/research_tools/research/report_water_and.html. Available August 2013 DEFRA (2011a). Applying the Waste Hierarchy: evidence summary. London: DEFRA DEFRA (2011b). Government Review of Waste Policy in England 2011. London: DEFRA Department of Environment and Conservation (2004). Composting and related organics processing facilities. Sydney: Department of Environment and Conservation Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives Elliott P, Briggs D, Morris S et al (2001). Risk of adverse outcomes in populations living near landfill sites; BMJ: 363–8 Environment Agency (2013). Composting and potential health effects from bioaerosols: our interim guidance for permit applicants. Available at: http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/static/documents/Research/Composting__bioaerosols.pd. Accessed August 2013 Evans TD; Andersson P, Wievegg, A et al (2010). Surahammar – a case study of the impacts of installing food waste disposers in fifty percent of households. Water Environ. J; 241: 309–319 EN330 Measuring to Manage: How reducing waste can unlock increased profits, Envirowise. Available online at http://www.envirowise.gov.uk/page.aspx?o=117540 Accessed August 2013 HEFCE (2010) Carbon Management Plan. Available from http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/year/2010/201002/ Access 08/08/2013. HM Treasury. Budget 2010. Available at http://www.officialdocuments. gov.uk/document/hc1011/hc00/0061/0061.pdf. Accessed August 2013 HPA (2011). Impact on Health Emissions from landfill sites. London: HPA Hutchins, D and White, S (2009). Coming round to recycling. British Medical Journal; 338: 746-748 Lee P Willis P (2010). Waste arising in the supply of food and drink to households in the UK. WRAP, Branbury, UK. McCarthy EJ and Perreault WD Jr. Basic Marketing: A Managerial Approach. Irwin, 1990 Noble R, Elphinstone JG, Sansford CE et al (2009) Management of plant health risks associated with processing of plant-based wastes: A review. Bioresource Technology; 10: 3431-3446. NHS. The NHS in England. Available at http://www.nhs.uk/NHSEngland/thenhs/about/Pages/overview.aspx. Accessed August 2013 Rosch C Kaltschmitt M (1999). Energy from biomass – do non-technical barriers prevent an increased useIn: Biomass and Bioenergy; 16: 347-356. Rushton L (2003). Health hazards and waste management. British Medical Bulletin; 68: 183–197 Sharp D (2007). On Rats, Refuse, and Recycling. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine; 84: 637–638 Shin H-C, Park J-W, Kim H-S, et al (2005). Environmental and economic assessment of landfill gas electricity generation in Korea using LEAP model. Energy Policy; 33: 1261–70. Ssentiff (2011). Protected mealtimes failing as nine million hospital meals go uneaten. Available at: http://www.ssentif.com/archive/4_oct2011.shtml. Accessed August 2013. Tudor T, Barr S Gilg A (2008). A novel conceptual framework for examining environmental behaviour in large organizations: a case study of the Cornwall National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom. Environment and Behaviour; 40: 426–50. Vrijheid M, Dolk H, Armstrong B et al (2002). Chromosomal congenital anomalies and residence near hazardous waste landfill sites. Lancet; 359: 320–2 WRAP (2008). The food we waste. Available at http://wrap.s3.amazonaws.com/the-food-wewaste.pdf. Accessed August 2013 WRAP (2009a). Food Waste Collection Guidance. Banbury: WRAP WRAP (2009b) Food Waste Collection Guidance. Available at: http://www.wrap.org.uk/downloads/food_waste_collection_guidance_-_amended_Mar_2010.451b7293.7749.pdf. Accessed August 2013 WRAP (2013). Information sheet – Courtauld Commitment. Available at http://www.wrap.org.uk/content/information-sheet-courtauld-commitment. Accessed August 2013 Yun H, David M and Elliott R (ud). The Valuation of Landfill Disamenities in Birmingham How to cite Critical reflection on waste management class project, Essay examples

The Mall Experience Essays - Justin Bieber, Usher, Nicole Schmitz

The Mall Experience Everyone remembers their first mall experience from a little boy or girl or to now as a teen or adult. You were nervous, excited, scared but you get all these feelings when going into a different environment for the first time. Human instinct is to feel different of fear of something that is not natural to the normal routine. Cultural perspective pervades every aspect of human life, from the mundane to the exotic or foreign. It affects how people relate to one another and their ability to communicate. Individuals with dramatically different cultural perspectives may find that they have an especially hard time understanding why the other behaves a certain way. In this story about Mary going to the Patrick Henry Mall for the first time, she will be describing what she felt and saw at her first mall experience such as screaming, different groups of people, and stores, and fear of helping. The loud scream pierced through the Patrick Henry Mall air. It was cold and eerie night, but I as in the best place that I could see fit the mall. When I'm inside those four walls I feel that there is nothing that could harm me, except for maybe a credit card reaching its limit or the store not having any more mediums in the cutest cashmere sweater I've ever seen in my life. Anyway like I was saying, yeah so I heard this really loud scream that totally disturbed the whole shopping atmosphere. I was like hey, I really don't have to go back to work until one since I'm on my lunch break, and I've hit all the sales already, I might as well se where the hell that scream came from. So I cautiously angled it around the mall hiding behind manikins and ducking behind the plants, until, I heard it again. It sounded like it was coming from the pet shop, but what could it be; maybe somebody got bitten or a cat scared somebody on accident. Wait a minute, now it was like continuing nonstop and seemed never ending I kind of felt like something was wrong for real so I sprinted to where the noise was coming from and looked all around but I couldn't see anything until I looked down. There was a red-faced lady laying on the floor scream and yelling "Get it off me, get it off me". A huge tarantula that had wrecked havoc on the whole shop attacking the lady. It had thrown over tables and broken glass cages, and now it was about to kill this poor middle-aged lady. What was I supposed to do? Who am I supposed to call? I brilliantly said, "Hold on I'll help you, what do you want me to do?" The lady responded, "What do you think I want you to do, get this thing off of me now". Hey lady there's no reason to get upset or anything" I replied shocked by her rude response, " I'm trying to help you out, and its just a spider its not like you could die or something, oh wait you could die" The lady replied sarcastically, " Yeah I could die, so you think you could just shut the hell up for like 2 seconds and just call for help." Thinking to myself how much it burns my bacon when people are disrespectful, I replied No I don't think I'll be able to do that, but you have a very nice day." I walked off quickly since it was already 12:42 and I had to walk all the way to the other side of the mall where I parked. I thought to myself, Mary, that was really mean of you and you shouldn't have done that, but on the other hand she shouldn't have been so mean. As I got to my car and put the key in the ignition, I saw at least 5 ambulances and fire trucks pull up to the entrance beside the pet shop and I knew they were for the lady. I felt a little bad about not helping her but hey, maybe next time she'll be a little nicer to people that try to help